Kansas Code of Criminal Procedure
K.S.A. Chapter 22 - Article 28 - Conditions of Release
Last Amended 7/1/24
22-2801 Declaration of purpose.
22-2802 Release prior to trial.
22-2803 Review of conditions of release; application for modification of conditions of release.
22-2804 Release after conviction.
22-2805 Material witness; appearance bond; custody; release, when required; appointed counsel and other services for indigent.
22-2806 Justification and approval of sureties.
22-2807 Forfeiture of appearance bonds.
22-2808 Exoneration.
22-2809 Surrender of obligor by surety.
22-2809a Surety recover agents.
22-2809b Sureties; Definitions; application; continuing education.
22-2814 Release on recognizance and supervised release.
22-2815 Release on recognizance; procedures; criteria.
22-2816 Supervised release; eligibility; agreement; elements of program.
22-2817 Release on recognizance and supervised release; powers of court.
22-2818 Traffic violations; failure to appear, service of warrant and collection of bond.
22-2801. Declaration of purpose.
The purpose of this article is to assure that all persons, regardless of their financial status, shall not needlessly be detained pending their appearance to answer charges or to testify, or pending appeal, when detention serves neither the ends of justice nor the public interest.
History: L. 1970, ch. 129, § 22-2801; July 1.
22-2802. Release prior to trial; conditions of release.
(1) Any person charged with a crime shall, at the person's first appearance before a magistrate, be ordered released pending preliminary examination or trial upon the execution of an appearance bond in an amount specified by the magistrate and sufficient to assure the appearance of such person before the magistrate when ordered and to assure the public safety. If the person is being bound over for a felony, the bond shall also be conditioned on the person's appearance in the district court or by way of a two-way electronic audio-video communication as provided in subsection (14) at the time required by the court to answer the charge against such person and at any time thereafter that the court requires. Unless the magistrate makes a specific finding otherwise, if the person is being bonded out for a person felony or a person misdemeanor, the bond shall be conditioned on the person being prohibited from having any contact with the alleged victim of such offense for a period of at least 72 hours. The magistrate may impose such of the following additional conditions of release as will reasonably assure the appearance of the person for preliminary examination or trial:
(a) Place the person in the custody of a designated person or organization agreeing to supervise such person;
(b) place restrictions on the travel, association or place of abode of the person during the period of release;
(c) impose any other condition deemed reasonably necessary to assure appearance as required, including a condition requiring that the person return to custody during specified hours;
(d) place the person under a house arrest program pursuant to K.S.A. 21-6609, and amendments thereto; or
(e) place the person under the supervision of a court services officer responsible for monitoring the person's compliance with any conditions of release ordered by the magistrate. The magistrate may order the person to pay for any costs associated with the supervision provided by the court services department in an amount not to exceed $15 per week of such supervision. The magistrate may also order the person to pay for all other costs associated with the supervision and conditions for compliance in addition to the $15 per week.
(2) In addition to any conditions of release provided in subsection (1), for any person charged with a felony, the magistrate may order such person to submit to a drug and alcohol abuse examination and evaluation in a public or private treatment facility or state institution and, if determined by the head of such facility or institution that such person is a drug or alcohol abuser or incapacitated by drugs or alcohol, to submit to treatment for such drug or alcohol abuse, as a condition of release.
(3) The appearance bond shall be executed with sufficient solvent sureties who are residents of the state of Kansas, unless the magistrate determines, in the exercise of such magistrate's discretion, that requiring sureties is not necessary to assure the appearance of the person at the time ordered.
(4) A deposit of cash in the amount of the bond may be made in lieu of the execution of the bond pursuant to subsection (3). Except as provided in subsection (5), such deposit shall be in the full amount of the bond and in no event shall a deposit of cash in less than the full amount of bond be permitted. Any person charged with a crime who is released on a cash bond shall be entitled to a refund of all moneys paid for the cash bond, after deduction of any outstanding restitution, costs, fines and fees, after the final disposition of the criminal case if the person complies with all requirements to appear in court. The court may not exclude the option of posting bond pursuant to subsection (3).
(5) Except as provided further, the amount of the appearance bond shall be the same whether executed as described in subsection (3) or posted with a deposit of cash as described in subsection (4). When the appearance bond has been set at $2,500 or less and the most serious charge against the person is a misdemeanor, a severity level 8, 9 or 10 nonperson felony, a drug severity level 4 felony committed prior to July 1, 2012, a drug severity level 5 felony committed on or after July 1, 2012, or a violation of K.S.A. 8-1567, and amendments thereto, the magistrate may allow the person to deposit cash with the clerk in the amount of 10% of the bond, provided the person meets at least the following qualifications:
(A) Is a resident of the state of Kansas;
(B) has a criminal history score category of G, H or I;
(C) has no prior history of failure to appear for any court appearances;
(D) has no detainer or hold from any other jurisdiction;
(E) has not been extradited from, and is not awaiting extradition to, another state; and
(F) has not been detained for an alleged violation of probation.
(6) In the discretion of the court, a person charged with a crime may be released upon the person’s own recognizance by guaranteeing payment of the amount of the bond for the person’s failure to comply with all requirements to appear in court. The release of a person charged with a crime upon the person’s own recognizance shall not require the deposit of any cash by the person.
(7) The court shall not impose any administrative fee.
(8) In determining which conditions of release will reasonably assure appearance and the public safety, the magistrate shall, on the basis of available information, take into account the nature and circumstances of the crime charged; the weight of the evidence against the defendant; whether the defendant is lawfully present in the United States; the defendant's family ties, employment, financial resources, character, mental condition, length of residence in the community, record of convictions, record of appearance or failure to appear at court proceedings or of flight to avoid prosecution; the likelihood or propensity of the defendant to commit crimes while on release, including whether the defendant will be likely to threaten, harass or cause injury to the victim of the crime or any witnesses thereto; and whether the defendant is on probation or parole from a previous offense at the time of the alleged commission of the subsequent offense.
(9) The appearance bond shall set forth all of the conditions of release.
(10) A person for whom conditions of release are imposed and who continues to be detained as a result of the person's inability to meet the conditions of release shall be entitled, upon application, to have the conditions reviewed without unnecessary delay by the magistrate who imposed them. If the magistrate who imposed conditions of release is not available, any other magistrate in the county may review such conditions.
(11) A magistrate ordering the release of a person on any conditions specified in this section may at any time amend the order to impose additional or different conditions of release. If the imposition of additional or different conditions results in the detention of the person, the provisions of subsection (10) shall apply.
(12) Statements or information offered in determining the conditions of release need not conform to the rules of evidence. No statement or admission of the defendant made at such a proceeding shall be received as evidence in any subsequent proceeding against the defendant.
(13) The appearance bond and any security required as a condition of the defendant's release shall be deposited in the office of the magistrate or the clerk of the court where the release is ordered. If the defendant is bound to appear before a magistrate or court other than the one ordering the release, the order of release, together with the bond and security shall be transmitted to the magistrate or clerk of the court before whom the defendant is bound to appear.
(14) Proceedings before a magistrate as provided in this section to determine the release conditions of a person charged with a crime including release upon execution of an appearance bond may be conducted by two-way electronic audio-video communication between the defendant and the judge in lieu of personal presence of the defendant or defendant's counsel in the courtroom in the discretion of the court. The defendant may be accompanied by the defendant's counsel. The defendant shall be informed of the defendant's right to be personally present in the courtroom during such proceeding if the defendant so requests. Exercising the right to be present shall in no way prejudice the defendant.
(15) The magistrate may order the person to pay for any costs associated with the supervision of the conditions of release of the appearance bond in an amount not to exceed $15 per week of such supervision. As a condition of sentencing under K.S.A. 21-6604, and amendments thereto, the court may impose the full amount of any such costs in addition to the $15 per week, including, but not limited to, costs for treatment and evaluation under subsection (2).
History: L. 1970, ch. 129, § 22-2802; L. 1976, ch. 163, § 6; L. 1986, ch. 130, § 1; L. 1989, ch. 98, § 1; L. 1990, ch. 107, § 1; L. 2001, ch. 177, § 2; L. 2005, ch. 35, § 1; L. 2007, ch. 145, § 3; L. 2009, ch. 30, § 1; L. 2011, ch. 46, § 2, April 28; L. 2011, ch. 30, § 118; L. 2011: ch. 91, § 13; L. 2011, ch. 100, § 7, L. 2012, ch. 150, § 39; L. 2012, ch. 172, § 31; L. 2013, ch. 133, § 10; L. 2018, ch. 106, § 27; July 1.
22-2803. Review of conditions of release; application for modification of conditions of release.
A person who remains in custody after review of such person's application pursuant to subsection (9) or (10) of K.S.A. 22-2802 and amendments thereto by a district magistrate judge may apply to a district judge of the judicial district in which the charge is pending to modify the order fixing conditions of release. Such motion shall be determined promptly.
History: L. 1970, ch. 129, § 22-2803; L. 1976, ch. 163, § 7; L. 1986, ch. 115, § 56; L. 2007, ch. 145, § 4; July 1.
22-2804. Release after conviction.
(1) A person who has been convicted of a crime and is either awaiting sentence or has filed a notice of appeal may be released by the district court under the conditions provided in K.S.A. 22-2802 and amendments thereto if the court or judge finds that the conditions of release will reasonably assure that the person will not flee or pose a danger to any other person or to the community.
(2) A person who has been convicted of a crime and has filed a notice of appeal to the supreme court or court of appeals shall make application to be released to the court whose judgment is appealed from or to a judge thereof. If an application to such court or judge has been made and denied or action on the application did not afford the relief sought by the applicant, the applicant may make an application for release to the appellate court. An application to the appellate court or a justice or judge thereof shall state the disposition of the application made by the district court or judge. Any application made under this subsection shall be heard after reasonable notice to the prosecuting attorney. Such notice shall be given not less than one day prior to the hearing. Any appearance bond which may be required under this subsection shall be filed in the court from which the appeal was taken.
(3) A person who has been convicted of a crime before a district magistrate judge may, upon taking an appeal to a district judge, apply to be released as provided herein. If the application is made before the case has been referred to the chief judge for assignment, the conditions of release shall be determined by the district magistrate judge from whom the appeal is taken. If the application is made thereafter, the chief judge or the district judge to whom the case has been assigned shall determine the conditions of release. Any appearance bond which may be required under this subsection shall be deposited in the court where it is fixed.
History: L. 1970, ch. 129, § 22-2804; L. 1971, ch. 115, § 1; L. 1976, ch. 163, § 8; L. 1977, ch. 112, § 6; L. 1986, ch. 115, § 57; L. 1999, ch. 57, § 29; July 1.
22-2805. Material witness; appearance bond; custody; release, when required; appointed counsel and other services for indigent.
(a) If it appears by affidavit that the testimony of a person is material in any criminal proceeding or in any proceeding under the revised Kansas juvenile justice code, section 1 [of 2006 SB 261] et seq. and amendments thereto, and it is shown that it may become impracticable to secure the witness' presence by subpoena, the court or magistrate may require the witness to give bond in an amount fixed by the court or magistrate, or to comply with other conditions to assure the witness' appearance as a witness. If a person fails to comply with the conditions of release, the court or magistrate may, after hearing, commit the witness to the custody of the sheriff or marshal pending final disposition of the proceeding in which the testimony is needed. A material witness shall not be held in custody more than 30 days unless the court or magistrate, after hearing, determines that there is good cause to hold the witness for an additional period of not more than 30 days. No material witness shall be detained because of inability to comply with any condition of release if the testimony of the witness can be secured for use at trial or in any proceeding under the revised Kansas juvenile justice code, section 1 [of 2006 SB 261] et seq. and amendments thereto by deposition, and further detention is not necessary to prevent a failure of justice. Release may be delayed for a reasonable time until the deposition of the witness can be taken pursuant to K.S.A. 22-3211.
(b) The court or magistrate shall appoint counsel to represent a witness committed to custody pursuant to this section when the court or magistrate determines that the witness is financially unable to employ counsel, based on the same standards as used to determine if a defendant is able to employ counsel. Such appointment shall be from the panel for indigents' defense services or as otherwise prescribed under the applicable system for providing legal defense services for indigent persons prescribed by the state board of indigents' defense services for the county or judicial district. In any proceeding under the revised Kansas juvenile justice code, section 1 [of 2006 SB 261] et seq. and amendments thereto, such appointment shall be pursuant to section 6 [of 2006 SB 261] and amendments thereto. The witness may obtain necessary investigative, expert and other services in the manner provided by K.S.A. 22-4508 and amendments thereto. Payment for the counsel and other services shall be made in the manner provided by K.S.A. 22-4507 and amendments thereto.
History: L. 1970, ch. 129, § 22-2805; L. 1982, ch. 141, § 1; L. 1982, ch. 142, § 27; L. 1996, ch. 211, § 1; L. 2006, ch. 169, § 100; January 1.
22-2806. Justification and approval of sureties.
Every uncompensated surety, except an insurance company authorized to transact business pursuant to K.S.A. 40-1102(d), and amendments thereto, shall justify by affidavit and may be required to describe in the affidavit the property by which such surety proposes to justify and the encumbrances thereon, the number and amount of other bonds and undertakings for bail entered into by such surety and remaining undischarged and all such surety's other liabilities. No bond shall be approved unless the uncompensated surety appears to be qualified. The appearance bond and the sureties may be approved and accepted by a judge of the court where the action is pending or by the sheriff of the county.
History: L. 1970, ch. 129, § 22-2806; L. 1992, ch. 314, § 3; L. 2016, ch. 85, § 14; July 1. July 1.
22-2807. Forfeiture of appearance bonds.
(a) If a defendant fails to appear as directed by the court and guaranteed by an appearance bond, the court in which the bond is deposited shall declare a forfeiture of the bail and issue a warrant for the defendant's arrest. If the defendant is charged with a felony offense, the sheriff shall enter such warrant into the national crime information center's index within 14 days of issuance of the warrant. If such warrant is not entered into such index, the sheriff shall
notify the court thereof.
(b) An appearance bond may only be forfeited by the court upon a failure to appear. An appearance bond is revoked by the execution of a warrant for a defendant’s arrest for a violation of a bond condition. If a defendant violates any other condition of bond, the bond may be revoked and the defendant remanded to custody. The magistrate shall promptly set a new bond pursuant to requirements of K.S.A. 22-2802, and amendments thereto.
(c) (1) The court may direct that a forfeiture be set aside, upon such conditions as the court may impose, if it appears that justice does not require the enforcement of the forfeiture.
(2) The court shall direct that a forfeiture be set aside, upon such conditions as the court may impose, if:
(A) The surety can prove that the defendant is incarcerated somewhere within the United States prior to judgment of default by providing to the court a written statement, signed by the surety under penalty of perjury, setting forth details of such incarceration;
(B) the warrant required to be issued by subsection (a) was not issued within 14 days of the forfeiture;
(C) a warrant that is required to be entered into the national crime information center's index pursuant to subsection (a) was not entered within 14 days of issuance, unless there is good cause shown for the failure to enter such warrant into the index; or
(D) the defendant has been arrested outside of this state and the prosecuting attorney has declined to proceed with extradition.
(3) Upon the defendant's return, the surety may be ordered to pay the costs of such return.
(d) When a forfeiture has not been set aside, the court shall on motion enter a judgment of default and execution may issue thereon. If the forfeiture has been decreed by a district magistrate judge and the amount of the bond exceeds the limits of the civil jurisdiction prescribed by law for a district magistrate judge, the judge shall notify the chief judge in writing of the forfeiture and the matter shall be assigned to a district judge who, on motion, shall enter a judgment of default. By entering into a bond the obligors submit to the jurisdiction of any court having power to enter judgment upon default and irrevocably appoint the clerk of that court as their agent upon whom any papers affecting their liability may be served. Their liability may be enforced on motion without the necessity of an independent action. The motion and notice thereof may be served on the clerk of the court, who shall forthwith mail copies to the obligors to their last known addresses. No judgment may be entered against the obligor in an appearance bond until more than 60 days after notice is served as provided herein. No judgment may be entered against the obligor in an appearance bond more than two years after a defendant’s failure to appear.
(e) After entry of judgment pursuant to subsection (d), the court may remit such judgment in whole or in part under the conditions applying to the setting aside of forfeiture in subsection (c).
History: L. 1970, ch. 129, § 22-2807; L. 1976, ch. 163, § 9; L. 1977, ch. 109, § 17; L. 1986, ch. 115, § 58; L. 1999, ch. 57, § 30; L. 2007, ch. 145, § 5; L. 2010, ch, 132, § 1; L. 2010, ch. 135, § 15, L. 2022, ch. 76, § 4; July 1.
When the condition of the appearance bond has been satisfied or the forfeiture thereof has been set aside or remitted, the court shall exonerate the obligors and release them from liability. A surety may be exonerated by a deposit of cash in the amount of the bond or by a timely surrender of the defendant into custody.
History: L. 1970, ch. 129, § 22-2808; July 1.
22-2809. Surrender of obligor by surety; release of surety.
(a) Any person who is released on an appearance bond may be arrested by such person's surety or any person authorized by such surety and delivered to a custodial officer of the court in the county in the state where the complaint subjec to the bond was filed. Such person who is arrested as provided in this section shall be brought before any magistrate having power to commit for the crime charged. The magistrate shall indorse on the bond, or a certified copy of such bond, the discharge of such surety upon the sworn statement, either written or oral, of the surety setting forth the reasons for the discharge. The magistrate may commit the party who is arrested as provided in this section. Such person committed as provided in this section shall be held in custody until released as provided by law.
(b) As used in this section, "custodial officer of the court" means the sheriff or the keeper of the jail in the county.
History: L. 1970, ch. 129, § 22-2809; L. 2001, ch. 150, § 1; L. 2021, ch. 105, § 4, July 1.
22-2809a. Surety recovery agents.
(a) As used in this section:
(1) ‘‘Surety’’ means a person or commercial surety, other than a defendant in a criminal proceeding, that guarantees the appearance of a defendant in a criminal proceeding, by executing an appearance bond;
(2) ‘‘bail agent’’ means a person authorized by a surety to execute surety bail bonds on behalf of such surety; and
(3) ‘‘bail enforcement agent’’ means a person not performing the duties of a law enforcement officer who tracks down, captures and surrenders to the custody of a court a fugitive who has violated a surety or bail bond agreement, commonly referred to as a bounty hunter, but is not a surety or bail agent.
(b) Any surety, bail agent or bail enforcement agent who intends to apprehend any person in this state pursuant to K.S.A. 22-2809 and amendments thereto, or under similar authority from any other state, shall inform law enforcement authorities in the city or county in which such surety, bail agent or bail enforcement agent intends such apprehension, before attempting such apprehension. The surety, bail agent or bail enforcement agent shall present to the local law enforcement authorities a copy of the bond, a valid government-issued photo identification, written appointment of agency, if not the actual surety, and all other appropriate paperwork identifying the principal and the person to be apprehended. Local law enforcement may accompany the surety, bail agent or bail enforcement agent.
(c) No person who, within the past 10 years, has been convicted, in this or any other jurisdiction, of a person felony, may act as a surety, bail agent or bail enforcement agent, unless such conviction has been expunged.
(d) A bail enforcement agent must be licensed under K.S.A. 75-7e01 through 75-7e09, and amendments thereto, in order to apprehend a person pursuant to K.S.A. 22-2809, and amendments thereto.
(e) An out-of-state surety bail agent or bail enforcement agent who intends to apprehend any person in this state pursuant to K.S.A. 22-2809, and amendments thereto, or under similar authority from any other state, before attempting such apprehension, shall:
(1) Have a bail enforcement agent’s license pursuant to K.S.A. 75-7e01 through 75-7e09, and amendments thereto;
(2) contract with an individual that has been authorized by any court in this state to act as a surety and be accompanied by such individual during such apprehension; or
(3) contract with an individual who is currently a licensed bail enforcement agent pursuant to K.S.A. 75-7e01 through 75-7e09, and amendments thereto, and be accompanied by such individual during such apprehension.
(f) Violation of this section is a class A nonperson misdemeanor for the first conviction of a violation and a severity level 9, nonperson felony upon a second or subsequent conviction of a violation.
History: L. 2004, ch. 108, § 1; L. 2016, ch. 85, §15; July 1.
22-2809b. Sureties; Definitions; application; continuing education.
(a) As used in this section:
(1) "Compensated surety" means any person who or entity that is organized under the laws of the state of Kansas that, as surety, issues appearance bonds for compensation, posts bail for four or more persons in a calendar year, is responsible for any forfeiture and is liable for appearance bonds written by such person's or entity's authorized agents. A "compensated surety" is either an insurance agent surety or, a property surety or a bail agent.
(2) "Insurance agent surety" means a compensated surety licensed by the insurance commissioner to issue surety bonds or appearance bonds in this state and who represents an authorized insurance company. An "insurance agent surety" may have other insurance agent sureties working with or for such surety.
(3) "Property surety" means a compensated surety who secures appearance bonds by property pledged as security. A "property surety" may be a person or entity and may authorize bail agents to act on behalf of the "property surety" in writing appearance bonds.
(4) "Bail agent" means a person authorized by a compensated surety to execute surety bail bonds on such surety's behalf.
(5) "Appearance bond premium" means the fee charged by a compensated surety for posting an appearance bond.
(b) Every compensated surety shall submit an application to the chief judge of the judicial district, or the chief judge's designee, in each judicial district where such surety seeks to act as a surety. A compensated surety shall not act as a surety in such judicial district prior to approval of such application.
(1) The application shall include, but is not limited to, the following information for each insurance agent surety, property surety or bail agent:
(A) A copy of the applicant's Kansas driver's license or nondriver's identification card;
(B) a statement, made under penalty of perjury, that the applicant is a resident of this state and is not prohibited by K.S.A. 22-2809a(c), and amendments thereto, from acting as a surety; and
(C) a certificate of continuing education compliance in accordance with subsection (g).
(2) The application for each insurance agent surety also shall include:
(A) A copy of the qualifying power of attorney certificates issued to such surety by any insurance company;
(B) a current and valid certificate of license from the insurance department; and
(C) a current and valid certificate of authority from the insurance department.
(3) The application for each property surety also shall include:
(A) A list of all bail agents authorized by such property surety to write appearance bonds on such property surety's behalf and all documentation from such bail agents demonstrating compliance with subsection (b)(1); and
(B) an affidavit describing the property by which such property
surety proposes to justify its obligations and the encumbrances thereon,
and all such surety's other liabilities. The description shall include a
valuation of the property described therein. If the valuation is not
readily evident, an appraisal of the property may be required and, if
required, shall be incorporated into the affidavit.
(4) The chief judge of the judicial district may require, as a
qualification for initial or continued authorization in the judicial
district, a compensated surety to submit to a state and national
criminal history record check. The fingerprints shall be used to identify
the individual and to determine whether the individual has a record of
criminal history in this state or any other jurisdiction. The chief judge
or the chief judge's designee is authorized to submit the fingerprints to
the Kansas bureau of investigation and the federal bureau of
investigation for a state and national criminal history record check.
The chief judge or the chief judge's designee may use the information
obtained from fingerprinting and the criminal history record check for
purposes of verifying the identification of the individual and for making
an official determination of the qualifications for authorization in the
judicial district. Disclosure or use of any information received by the
chief judge or the chief judge's designee for any purpose other than the
purposes provided for in this paragraph shall be a class A nonperson
misdemeanor. The Kansas bureau of investigation may charge a
reasonable fee for conducting a criminal history record check, and the
individual seeking initial or continued authorization under this section
shall pay the costs of fingerprinting and the state and national criminal
history record check.
(c) A property surety authorized to act as a surety in a judicial
district pursuant to subsection (b) shall be allowed outstanding
appearance bonds in the state of Kansas not to exceed an aggregate
amount which that is 15 times the valuation of the property described
in subsection (b)(3). Such property surety shall not write any single
appearance bond that exceeds 35% of the total valuation of the property
described in subsection (b)(3).
(d) (1) A compensated surety shall:
(A) Charge a minimum appearance bond premium of 10% of the face amount of the appearance bond;
(B) only post a bond after the compensated surety has received at least 1/2 of the required minimum appearance bond premium in one of the following forms:
(i) Currency of the United States paid to the compensated surety prior to the execution of an appearance bond;
(ii) a check delivered to a compensated surety that shall be properly payable when delivered and promptly deposited in the compensated surety's bank account;
(iii) a credit or debit card transaction if the compensated surety obtains authorization from the card issuer for the amount due and an approval number from the card issuer; or
(iv) a bank or wire transfer or other electronic funds transfer including, but not limited to, peer-to-peer transfer, if such transfer occurs prior to the execution of the appearance bond; and
(C) be physically present when the bond is posted and sign the bond at the jail.
(2) A compensated surety shall enter into a premium financing agreement for any unpaid minimum appearance bond premium amount.
(e) (1) Each judicial district may, by local rule, require additional information from any compensated surety and establish what property is acceptable for bonding purposes under subsection (b)(3).
(2) A judicial district shall not require any compensated surety to apply for authorization in such judicial district more than once per year, but may require additional reporting from any compensated surety in its discretion. If the judicial district does not require an annual application, each compensated surety or bail agent shall provide a certificate of continuing education compliance in accordance with subsection (f) (g) to the judicial district each year.
(3) A judicial district shall not decline authorization for a compensated surety solely on the basis of type of compensated surety.
(f) (1) Nothing in this section shall be construed to require the chief judge of the judicial district, or the chief judge's designee, to authorize any compensated surety to act as a surety in such judicial district if the judge or designee finds, in such person's discretion, that such authorization is not warranted.
(2) (A) If such authorization is granted, the chief judge of the judicial district, or the chief judge's designee, may terminate or suspend the authorization at any time. Reasons for terminating or suspending such authorization include, but are not limited to:
(i) Filing false statements with the court;
(ii) failing to charge the minimum appearance bond premium as required by this section;
(iii) paying a fee or rebate or giving or promising anything of value to a jailer, law enforcement officer, any person who has the power to arrest or hold a person in custody or any public official or employee in order to secure a settlement, compromise, remission or reduction of the amount of any appearance bond, forfeiture or estreatment, or to secure or delay an appearance bond;
(iv) paying a fee or rebate or giving or promising anything of value, other than reward payments for information relating to the apprehension of fugitives, to an inmate in exchange for a business referral;
(v) requiring or accepting anything of value from a principal other than the appearance bond premium, except that the compensated surety may accept collateral security or other indemnity to secure the face amount of the bond;
(vi) intentionally failing to promptly return collateral security to the principal when the principal is entitled to return of such security;
(vii) knowingly employing or otherwise compensating for any appearance bond related work, any person who has been convicted of a felony unless such conviction has been expunged, other than reward payments for information relating to the apprehension of fugitives; or
(viii)failing to pay any forfeiture judgement within 30 days of the filing of the journal entry of judgement.
(B) The judge or the judge's desginee may investigate claims of violations described in subparagraph (A). If the chief judge makes a finding that a violation has occurred, the chief judge may suspend or terminate the authorization of the compensated surety.
(C) If the authorization is suspended for 30 days or more, the chief judge shall make a record describing the length of the suspension and the underlying cause and provide such record to the surety. Such surety, upon request, shall be entitled to a hearing within 30 days after the suspension is ordered.
(D) If the authorization is terminated, the chief judge shall make a record describing the underlying cause and provide such record to the surety. Such surety, upon request, shall be entitled to a hearing within 30 days after the termination is ordered.
(3) If an authorized compensated surety does not comply with the continuing education requirements in subsection (g), the chief judge of the judicial district, or the chief judge's designee, may allow a conditional authorization to continue acting as a surety for 90 days. If such compensated surety does not comply with the continuing education requirements in subsection (g) within 90 days, such conditional authorization shall be terminated and such compensated surety shall not act as a surety in such judicial district.
(g) (1) Every compensated surety shall obtain at least eight hours of continuing education credits during each 12-month period.
(2) The Kansas bail agents association shall either provide or contract for a minimum of eight hours of continuing education classes to be held at least once annually in each congressional district and may provide additional classes in its discretion. The chief judge in each judicial district may provide a list of topics to be covered during the continuing education classes. A schedule of such classes shall be publicly available. The association shall not charge more than $300 annually for the eight hours of continuing education classes, and the cost of any class with less than eight hours of continuing education may be prorated accordingly. Any fee charged for attending continuing education classes shall not be increased or decreased based upon a compensated surety's membership or lack of membership in the association.
(3) Upon completion of at least eight hours of continuing education credits during each 12-month period by a compensated surety, the Kansas bail agents association shall issue a certificate of continuing education compliance to such surety. The certificate shall be prepared and delivered to the compensated surety within 30 days of such surety's completion of the continuing education requirements. The certificate shall show in detail the dates and hours of each course attended, along with the signature of the Kansas bail agents association official attesting that all continuing education requirements have been completed.
(4) Any continuing education credits used to comply with conditional authorization pursuant to subsection (e)(3) (f)(3) shall not be applied towards compliance in the current 12-month period or any subsequent 12-month period.
History: L. 2016, ch. 85, § 11, L. ch. 87, § 3; July 1.
22-2814. Release on recognizance and supervised release.
Each district court may establish, operate and coordinate release on recognizance programs and supervised release programs which provide services to the court and to persons who are, or are to be, charged with crimes. Release on recognizance programs and supervised release programs shall be administered by court services officers and other personnel of the district court. Participation by defendants in such programs shall be on a voluntary basis. Nothing in K.S.A. 22-2814 through 22-2817, and amendments thereto, shall affect the right of any person to seek or obtain release under K.S.A. 22-2802 and amendments thereto regardless of participation or nonparticipation in release on recognizance programs or supervised release programs.
History: L. 1981, ch. 152, § 1; L. 1984, ch. 112, § 7; July 1.
22-2815. Release on recognizance; procedures; criteria.
(a) Release on recognizance programs shall consist of initial interviews with persons who are being detained and are, or are to be, charged with crimes, to obtain (1) information about certain basic criteria closely related to the likelihood that the persons will appear in court if released, (2) an objective analysis of such information and (3) submission of such information and analysis to the court regarding those persons who are recommended to be released on their personal recognizance under K.S.A. 22-2802.
(b) Among other criteria, the following basic variables shall be determined for each person interviewed under a release on recognizance program in ascertaining the likelihood that the person will appear in court if released:
(1) Length of residence in the local community;
(2) nature and extent of local family ties;
(3) time in the local area;
(4) stability of employment; and
(5) extent of prior criminal history.
History: L. 1981, ch. 152, § 2; July 1.
22-2816. Supervised release; eligibility; agreement; elements of program.
(a) Supervised release programs shall consist of extensive interviews with defendants who have been denied release on personal recognizance to select those defendants who under some form of supervised release are likely to appear in court when required, are likely to cooperate with and benefit from supervised release and are willing to actively participate therein. Defendants who are not residents of Kansas, who are the subject of specific detainer orders of other state or federal law enforcement agencies or who are in need of physical or mental care or treatment, including care or treatment for any chemical dependency or intoxication, shall not be eligible for a recommendation for supervised release or to participate in a supervised release program.
(b) Upon the basis of interviews and other available information, court services officers shall prepare and submit, in proper cases, recommendations to the court for supervised release of defendants and shall include suggestions for appropriate conditions for the release of the defendants. If the court orders the release of the defendant with the condition of specific participation in the supervised release program, the court services officer shall prepare and the defendant shall sign a written agreement containing (1) an acknowledgment of the relationship between the supervised release program and the defendant, (2) the details of the conditions of release and (3) a statement of the consequences of any breach of the agreement by the defendant.
(c) The supervised release program for each defendant shall be compatible with all required court appearances and shall include appropriate programs for diagnostic testing, education, skills training, employment and counseling. Each defendant under supervised release shall be closely supervised by a court services officer and may be terminated from the supervised release program by court order revoking the release order or by final disposition of the charges against the defendant.
History: L. 1981, ch. 152, § 3; L. 1984, ch. 112, § 8; July 1.
22-2817. Release on recognizance and supervised release; powers of court.
(a) For all purposes of release on recognizance programs and supervised release programs, each district court may contract for services and facilities; receive property by gifts, devises and bequests; and sell or exchange any property so accepted and use in any manner the proceeds or the property received in exchange.
(b) To the extent feasible, each district court establishing, operating or coordinating release on recognizance programs and supervised release programs shall arrange, by contract or on such alternative basis as may be mutually acceptable, for utilization of existing local facilities and treatment and service resources, including but not limited to employment, job training, general, special or remedial education, psychiatric and marriage counseling, and alcohol and drug abuse treatment and counseling. Each such district court shall approve the development and maintenance of such resources by its own staff only if the resources to be so developed and maintained are otherwise unavailable to the court within reasonable proximity to the community where these services are needed in connection with the release on recognizance programs or supervised release programs. Each such district court, to the extent feasible and advisable under the circumstances, may use the services of volunteers for such programs and may solicit local financial support from public, private, charitable and benevolent sources therefor.
History: L. 1981, ch. 152, § 4; July 1.
22-2818. Traffic violations; failure to appear, service of warrant and collection of bond.
(a) If a person who is a resident of this state is charged with a misdemeanor or a violation of a traffic resolution of a county in this state and such person fails to appear after service of notice to appear, any law enforcement officer of any county or city of the state may serve the bench warrant issued for the person and may collect from the person a cash appearance bond in the amount stated in the warrant upon request of the law enforcement agency of the city or county in which the warrant was issued. In the event the violator waives actual in hand service of the bench warrant and the officer has verified by telecommunication that the bench warrant is in the actual possession of the law enforcement authorities of the jurisdiction issuing the same, the officer making the arrest may collect the appearance bond without actual in hand service of the bench warrant.
(b) Any appearance bond collected pursuant to this section shall be forwarded forthwith to the clerk of the district court of the judicial district in which the charge against the person is filed.
(c) As used in this section:
(1) "Highway", "street", "traffic" and "vehicle" have the meanings provided by article 14 of chapter 8 of the Kansas Statutes Annotated.
(2) "Traffic resolution" means any resolution relating to the regulation of traffic on streets and highways or the operation of vehicles.
(d) This section shall be part of and supplemental to the Kansas code of criminal procedure.
History: L. 1981, ch. 150, § 2; July 1.